Crackwort mushrooms belong to the family russula. They are useful, have good taste, suitable for pickling and cooking various dishes. For culinary purposes, it is better to use young mushrooms, as bitter milky juice forms in them as they age.
General characteristics of the fungus and its types
There are several types of this mushroom, but they all look about the same. For the wave trap, the convex shape of the cap is characteristic at a young age and flat in mature. There is a recess in the middle of the mushroom cap. Diameter varies from 4 to 12 cm.
The leg is strong and hard, as it develops, it turns pale pink. The plates are frequent, descending at the edges.
In most European countries, the throttle is considered conditionally edible mushroom, as it contains a thick, oily juice with a bitter taste. Because of this feature, the thrush is not very popular in Europe.
But in Russia this mushroom is popular and loved by many precisely because of its specific piquant taste. Dishes from it do not have an unpleasant aftertaste, if properly prepared threshing.
This mushroom is ubiquitous. The largest families of waders are found in forests where birch trees grow. It is with these trees that the clumps form the fungus root. They support each other throughout the entire period of existence.
Wisps appear in the forests by mid-summer. If the weather is warm and at the same time rainy, you can expect the harvest of thunderworms back in June.
The most famous varieties of waves are:
- Pink. Such a mushroom reaches especially large sizes. It has a pinkish tint. The head of the pink wave can reach 15 cm in diameter. The mushroom grows very quickly and reaches impressive size in 3-4 days.
- Whites. The sizes of this type of waves are slightly smaller than that of pink ones. The diameter of the hat varies from 4 to 10 cm. It has a white color with a cream tint. Old white threshers turn yellow, brittle.
The white top (whitewash)
There are also doubles of waves - mushrooms, which have an external resemblance to this species. These include the lacteans faded and ordinary, brown and brownish. They are considered edible.
The inedible doubles of the waves are sticky and prickly, as well as hepatic.
Places of growth
Crashwort mushrooms are widespread in Eurasia. They are especially common in Russia. Most often, trevushki grow whole families next to birches.
In deciduous forests, this mushroom can also be found, but in mixed trevushka is much less common.
The most massive period of the appearance of these mushrooms is from the end of July to the end of August.
Useful and harmful properties of thunderworms
In traps, as in many other types of mushrooms, contains a large number of valuable substances that make them beneficial to human health.
The structure of the trap includes:
- vitamin A;
- Vitamin B6
- vitamin C;
- folic acid;
- glucose;
- fructose;
- lecithin;
- a nicotinic acid;
- magnesium;
- iron;
- calcium.
Yellow waveworm (waveworm)
The following properties are useful properties of waves:
- improvement of the cardiovascular system;
- strengthening immunity;
- preventing the accumulation of cholesterol in the blood;
- stimulation of metabolic processes in the body;
- improved brain function;
- cleansing and strengthening of blood vessels;
- body toning;
- strengthening the nervous system;
- the provision of a powerful anti-inflammatory effect;
- fast sensation of satiety, the fight against hunger;
- improving the condition of the skin and hair;
- heart rate normalization;
- joint improvement;
- preventing the development of cancerous tumors;
- Prevention of stress and nervous tension.
Volnushki contain a large number of amino acids that are completely absorbed by the body.
Volnushki, like other varieties of mushrooms, contain components that impede the process of their digestion. That is why it is forbidden to eat them for those who suffer from acute diseases of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatitis and cholecystitis. Also threesomes can not be eaten by children under the age of 7 years, pregnant and lactating women.
Persons who have undergone surgery to remove the gallbladder should not eat this type of mushroom.
Methods of growing waveworms at home
You can grow trevushki on your own, indoors or in a personal summer cottage.
Pink pink
Methods of obtaining mycelium
To breed this type of mushroom, mycelium is used. You can get it in the following ways:
- to collect overgrown mushrooms in the forest, finely chop, dry on a shaded area during the day;
- collect overripe mushrooms in the forest, cut, pour cold water, leave for a day, occasionally stirring the contents with a wooden stick.
Rules for planting mycelium on the site
Having received the material for planting, you should prepare a plot of land. The soil needs to be dug up, organic fertilizers applied. Introduce prepared planting material into deep grooves.
Sprinkle the material on top with sawdust, and then with a thick layer of leaves, straw or hay. Watering the planting is not necessary.
Landing waves should be in a place that is well lit by sunlight. Humidity should be low.
In the first year after planting, it is not recommended to harvest: it is better to wait until complete ripening, which will allow for additional crops. From the second year you can pick mushrooms.
Unlike oyster mushrooms or champignons, you can get a crop from planting groundworms only once a year, although they can be cut several times in one area.
The use of waves in cooking
From the thrills you can cook a variety of delicious dishes. Also, these mushrooms are salted and pickled, getting excellent workpieces.
Since they contain bitter oily juice, it is necessary to properly prepare the traps. You need to follow these recommendations:
- if the taste of the mushrooms is not too bitter or pungent, do not soak them for too long;
- boiling mushrooms, the first water must be drained and continue to cook them, pouring a new portion of the liquid and pre-dousing the waves with cool water;
- for cooking wave traps, do not use containers of tin, copper or cast iron;
- cut the traps follows with a stainless steel knife.
To get rid of the bitter juice in the traps, you need to fill them with cold water and leave for a day. During this time, water must be changed 4 times.
Pickled Thrills
To pickle mushrooms, you should use this recipe:
- Take 1 kg of mushrooms, one carrot and onion, a tablespoon of sugar and vinegar, 3 cloves of garlic, 2 tablespoons of salt, 2 bay leaves, 4 buds of cloves and a pinch of peppercorns.
- Rinse the mushrooms, remove the villi from the skin.
- Leave the small mushrooms intact; for large, separate the legs from the hats.
- Put the mushrooms in a container of boiling water. On a liter of water you need to add a tablespoon of salt.
- Cook the traps for 20 minutes, removing the foam.
- Discard boiled mushrooms in a colander.
- Cut onions and carrots into rings, each clove of garlic - lengthwise into two parts.
- Prepare the marinade, for which in a liter of water dissolve the indicated amount of salt and sugar, add chopped vegetables and spices.
- Boil the marinade. When this happens, add vinegar to it and sprinkle mushrooms.
- Boil for 15 minutes.
- Arrange the mushrooms with the marinade in sterilized jars, roll up. Pickled traps are best stored in the refrigerator.
Salty Worms
Mushrooms can be salted in the cold way. This cooking method will save all the valuable elements and vitamins that are in these mushrooms. For salting you will need:
- 1 kg of waves;
- head of garlic;
- 5-8 bay leaves;
- dill stalks;
- leaves of currant, cherry and horseradish.
Mushrooms need to be prepared: soak them in cold water for 12 hours, changing the water every 2 hours, then clean from debris. Separate the legs from the hats.
Peel the garlic, cut into small plates. Put salt on the bottom of the glass jars, lay the leaves and stalks of dill. Put some mushrooms on this pillow, add salt and pepper, add garlic plates and bay leaf. Put another layer of mushrooms and spices with garlic in the same way. Put the leaves on top.
Put cans under oppression. When the mushrooms give juice and sink to the bottom (this will take several days), put the jars in the refrigerator. After a month, salted traps can be eaten as an independent dish or as an ingredient for snacks, salads, soups.
Fried traps
For cooking, you need a kilogram of mushrooms, 2 medium-sized onions, a teaspoon of ground pepper and 1.5 tablespoons of salt.
Cook fried mushrooms as follows:
- Rinse mushrooms in cold water, peel.
- Boil the traps in salted water, fold in a colander and let dry.
- Peel and finely chop the onion.
- Heat the oil in a pan, fry the onion for 5 minutes, then add the sliced threshing pan to it.
- Salt and pepper.
- Fry the mushrooms with onions for another 7-10 minutes.
When serving fried waves to the table, you can sprinkle them with finely chopped greens, although many prefer to eat them without any additives to preserve the full taste of this forest mushroom.
Threshing mushrooms have a specific bitter taste, which is why in most European countries they are considered unsuitable for consumption. But in Russia, these mushrooms are loved: they are salted and pickled, fried, used in various dishes. To achieve a good taste, the traps should be pre-soaked.