This type of fungus belongs to the edible family, but after preliminary boiling. It is allowed to pickle and pickle, as well as boil soup or make sauce. This article discusses the main types of mushrooms: purple, spruce, felt, spotted and pink. They grow in coniferous and mixed forests, bear fruit from June to October.
Other names of mokruha
The mushroom is called mokruha, because especially after rain, the hat of any variety acquires a wet viscosity. This mushroom also has other names:
- mucous mucus;
- yellowfoot sputum;
- glossy mokruha;
- pine spruce;
- purple mokruha.
Features of Mokruha
Any kind of mokrukha has a pleasant taste and aroma, provided that it is properly cooked. They have something in common, but basically the color and shape of the fungus are different from each other. The most common variety of spruce is spruce spruce:
- Hat this type of mushroom reaches 14 centimeters in diameter, gray-brown or gray. There may be spots on the top, and there may be a purple or lilac hue. In freshly ripened mushrooms, the shape of the hat is hemispherical, with time it becomes open and depressed. Almost all mushrooms have a small tubercle in the middle of the cap. The skin is soft, sticky and easily detachable.
- Leg. It reaches a height of 14 centimeters, has a lemon color on the bottom, and gray on the top. If you press it a little, the leg darkens slightly, most often the entire leg is covered with scales. The leg mates with a hat with a certain blanket of mucus, the leg, as well as the hat is sticky.
- Records. In young mushrooms, the plates are white or gray, the older the mushroom, the darker it becomes, as a result it becomes completely brown. The plates are thick, branched with a mucous coverlet.
- Pulp it has a pink or white hue, in old mushrooms the flesh is gray, and at the very bottom - yellow. The aroma is weak, and the taste is sour.
The first description of spruce spruce was made by the well-known botanist Schaeffer Jacob. He attributed this species of mushroom to champignon and called it “agaricus glutinosus”, which means molar.
When and where does it grow?
It is possible to meet this variety of fungus from August, closer to the middle and to October in the Northern region of the Eurasian continent. You can find fir spruce near pines and Christmas trees in the forests:
- mixed;
- hardwood;
- coniferous.
You can also find where moss grows, and there are thickets. If a person does not go for one type of mushroom, then for mokruha it is best to allocate a separate container so as not to stain other mushrooms in the mucus.
Varieties
Mushroom mushroom has several species, all of them from the same genus, but outwardly differ from each other. The pulp of the cooked mushroom has a pleasant taste and aroma, therefore, the mushroom picker, going for mushrooms, should know how each of the varieties of the mushroom looks like.
Wet pink
This type of mushroom is considered edible, but after preliminary boiling. Features of pink spaghetti:
- Hat grows small, only 6 centimeters in diameter, pink-gray, its edges are wavy. In the middle, the color quickly fades, and the hat turns pale pink. You can recognize a young mushroom by the shape of a hat - in a young mushroom it is convex and slimy, while in the old one it is open.
- Leg reaches a five-centimeter height - no more, even, shape - cylindrical. There is a mucous ring on the leg, which gradually disappears with aging.
- Records thick, slimy and rare. In the young fungus they are white, while in the old one they are purple or gray. The bottom of the leg is pale pink, from which the name came.
Eating. Before cooking mushrooms, they must be cleaned, boiled, and then you can fry, salted or dried.
When and where does it grow? You can meet pink mokruha in a forest glade from July to September. Mushrooms grow in high humidity pine forests.
Purple wet
This lamellar species of mokruha is rather rare, but edible, it is also called mucous mucuria or shiny. The color does not have to be purple, as the name says. They called it that because under the influence of intense heat it always acquires a purple hue:
- Hat. It grows up to 14 centimeters in diameter. Color shiny, red with a brown tint, red brick or purple. The young mushroom has a conical hat with a prominent tubercle, and as it ages, it is convex and open. After the rain passes, it is covered with thick mucus, it has a brown coverlet. The edges are bent inward.
- Leg. Reaches 10 centimeter height, the shape is curved, has a cylindrical shape. The color of the legs is the same as the color of the hat, slightly sticky.
- Records in the form of an arc, which can be easily separated from the cap. The color of the plates is purple or lilac, darkens with age, and in very old mushrooms they acquire a black tint.
- Pulp. The bottom is fibrous, fleshy. If the flesh is broken, then you can see a yellow color, and when interacting with air it turns red. There is no strong taste or smell. This type of mushroom is simply adored by various insects, so before you put it in a basket, you should carefully examine it from top to bottom.
Similar mushrooms. Edible bogs: felt, spruce, Swiss, pink, spotted. They differ in the following criteria: in the felt mushroom, white pubescence on the hat, spruce differs in that it grows exclusively near the tree or under it. As for the Swiss Mokruha, her hat is ochernhaired with felt pubescence. the pink mokruha has a pink hat, and the plates are light.
When and where does it grow? Purple wet spawn ripens from August to September in the Eurasian continent. As for Russia, this mushroom can be found on European territory, Siberia and the Caucasus. Purple spruce grows in coniferous, mixed and coniferous forests near birch and pine.
Spruce wet
Spruce spaghetti belongs to edible mushrooms. Its main features:
- Appearance: hat with gray-brown tint. A violet hue may be noticeable. Diameter - 12 cm.
- Similar mushrooms. Relatives of spruce spruce are also edible: purple spruce, spotted spruce, mushrooms with dark hats similar to oils. The difference is that the butter has no plates, and in the place of breakage of wet, the flesh turns red.
- The benefits of growing. Spruce spruce can be collected or specially grown for the sale of raw materials in the pharmaceutical direction. In folk medicine, tincture with spruce spruce is made, which serves as an antimicrobial agent.
Spotted wet
It is also called the mucosa, they grow near larch and Christmas trees:
- Hat. There are small spots of dark brown color on the hat. In the place of the break, the flesh turns red. The plates are white and rare, and with age they acquire a dark shade.
- Leg dirty dark, all curved, dense, yellow spots are present on it. The foot reaches seven centimeter length. It is connected to the hat with a mucous film, which eventually turns into a ring enveloping the top of the leg.
- Records. The mushroom has rare plates that have a branching shape; they lie on top of the legs. When the mushroom is young, the plates are white in color, and become brown with age.
- Pulp. The color is white or yellow; in air it takes on a red tint. Spore powder has a dark green color.
When and where does it grow? You can meet this mushroom in Eurasia, North America. Mushrooms grow in small groups in the middle of moss and thickets. You can meet this species in coniferous and deciduous forests.
Before you use the mushroom, it should be boiled for a long time, and then you can fry, pickle or dry.
Felt wet
It is also called fleecy moss, due to the fact that the pile covers the cap of the mushroom.
- Hat smooth, reaching 10 centimeters in diameter. There are small grooves on the edge. Orange-colored plates hang and cover the leg of the mushroom.
- Records rare and wide, sliding down the leg.
- Mushroom pulp can be of different shades of ocher, rather dense, acquires a brown shade as it ages.
- Leg smooth, the color is the same as that of the hat, in the middle of the leg is slightly thickened. Brown spores with a dark ebb.
Where and when does the mushroom grow? Felt mokruha can be found in reserves near fir or pine trees. Most often they grow in large groups in the autumn.
Composition and useful properties
Any mushroom is a nutritious and at the same time heavy product. The mushroom, called mokruha, has many useful components. Calorie content is 19 kilocalories per 100 grams of product:
- 0.9 grams of protein;
- 0.4 grams of fat;
- 3.2 grams of carbohydrates.
Also in the mushroom contains the following vitamins:
- PP;
- E;
- FROM;
- IN 1;
- AT 2.
Protein is absorbed by the body very well, even better than meat, which is extremely good for vegetarians. These mushrooms can be eaten even with a diet.
Contraindications
It should be understood that before consuming the mushroom, it is necessary to study the contraindications:
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- gout;
- children's age up to 10 years;
- allergic reactions.
How to use mushroom in nutrition
Mokruha is not a particularly valuable mushroom, but still it is often prepared for a family lunch or dinner. The mushroom can be cooked, fried, dried or pickled. Mushrooms are best cut into pieces and boiled in this form, this will allow the stomach to digest food faster. It is more useful to be in dried mushrooms, but it is important to understand that mushrooms are a heavy product for digestion and can not be consumed in large quantities.
Is it possible to grow mokruha on your own
Mokruha mushrooms can be grown independently with the help of mycelium. To do this, you must observe the phasing:
- Mycelia mycelium is mixed with 500 grams of sand.
- Next, loosen the soil before landing.
- A depression of about 10 centimeters is made in the soil.
- The mycelium is sprinkled evenly throughout the soil (one package is enough per square meter of soil).
- Above it is covered with forest soil, which was previously mixed with humus in a ratio of 1: 1.
- It is watered with water (10 liters per square meter).
- It is covered with loose earth.
You can plant at any time of the year under coniferous trees. The mushroom picker grows just as much as a tree. In summer, the site must be watered several times a day. The first crop can already be harvested 2.5 months after planting, a total of four times a year you can collect mokrukh. When there are no mushrooms in the plot, the plot is covered with humus 15 kilograms per square meter.
There are several varieties of Mokrukh mushroom, each of them differs in appearance, place of birth. All types of spruce are edible, but only after preliminary boiling. The taste of the mushroom is not bad, in some countries it is even considered a delicacy. But before you start eating the dish, you should familiarize yourself with the contraindications to avoid problems with the body.