The range of apricot varieties is so great that inexperienced gardeners can get confused in this variety. But the degree of productivity directly depends on the right choice of variety. The best apricot varieties with characteristics, territorial and temperature preferences - further.
Early ripe varieties
Very susceptible to the slightest temperature difference and almost all varieties are afraid of frost. Suitable for regions where short summers. Ripening occurs in June.
Honey
The result of the work of Chelyabinsk scientists. This apricot is grown not only by gardeners in the Moscow region, but also in the Urals. The tree is medium-sized - up to 5 m. It is not afraid of frosts down to -40 ° C and return frosts. Fruiting occurs for 5 years, but for the formation of the ovary, it is imperative to plant nearby pollinators - apricots of the Kichiginsky variety.
The fruits are small, the maximum weight is 15 g. The skin is pale yellow; in the upper part they are covered with red dots. Fragrant pulp is sweet, honey. The fruit ripening is affected by climatic conditions, therefore the period for each region is different - from mid-July to early August. For the same reason, some gardeners consider it an early variety, others - mid-season. Productivity is low - up to 20 kg, but stable.
Ripe fruits are transportable, overripe specimens are processed on the spot.
Melitopol
Southerner variety, grows only in warm areas. This is an old, well-established apricot, which has several types:
- Melitopol early;
- Melitopol Radiant;
- Melitopol late.
But the very first of them was just the earliest. Harvested on the 20th of June. The tree is medium-sized - its height does not exceed 6 m, with an unusual back pyramidal crown. Fruits can be tasted only after 5-6 years. They are large with a weight of up to 60 g. For their formation, additional pollination is not required - the variety is self-pollinated. Productivity is high.
The skin is covered with a faint fluff, for the most part there is a raspberry blush. Sweet pulp with a hint of wine. The fruits are consumed in unprocessed form. They are often found on store shelves, as they are distinguished by good keeping quality and transportability.
Royal
A variety that grows in the regions of the Central region. The tree is slow-growing, medium-sized - up to 4 meters in height. Crohn is sparse, raised. The shoots are red, smooth. The first fruits are removed for 3 years. Flowering begins at the apricot before the leaves appear, the flowers are small - about 3 cm in diameter, white-pink.
This is a self-made variety. Ripening period is the end of July. The fruits are small (up to 20 g) bright orange, in the sun they are covered with a pink-red blush. The pulp is orange, juicy, tender, sweet and sour. Productivity is average. Fruiting is annual, in a more moderate climate the tree needs rest, so in some years there is a crop failure.
The culture can withstand low temperatures up to -30 ° C, with shelter and -40 ° C, but the flowers are very sensitive to late frosts. Therefore, it is recommended to cover the crown for protection with a dome made of polyethylene.
Lel
The variety is recommended for cultivation in the Central region; when warming it for the winter, it grows well and bears fruit in the Urals, the Far East and Siberia. The tree does not exceed 3 m in height, the crown is not sprawling, neat. The flowers withstand spring short-term reverse frosts up to -3 ° C. In autumn, apricot leaves turn red in various tones from crimson to burgundy.
It begins bearing fruit for 3 years after planting seedlings. The plant is self-fertile, but still, for safety, it is better to plant nearby:
- Alyosha;
- Aquarius;
- Iceberg.
High frost resistance up to -30 ° C is also considered a merit. When shelter tolerates even lower temperatures. Resistant to heat and prolonged drought.
The fruits are small (no more than 20 g). The skin is orange or yellow, smooth. On the sunny side, a blurry blush appears on the barrel. The pulp is juicy, tender, literally melting in the mouth, sweet with a slight sourness.
Lescore
The birthplace of the variety is Czech Republic, however, in the post-Soviet space it is little known to gardeners. The tree is tall, in height above 6 m. The first apricots can be tasted for 6 years after planting. The fruits are large (60 g), there are specimens with a mass of 93 g. The skin is medium-dense and saturated orange in color, covered with a blush on the sunny side.
Pulp with a pleasant taste and rich aroma. Productivity is high - up to 60 kg per tree. The fruits are transportable, suitable for commercial purposes. The variety has good winter hardiness, tolerates prolonged drought, but is unstable to moniliosis.
Alyosha
A fast-growing variety of apricot, reaching a height of 4 m. A round crown in diameter is also 4 m. Fruiting occurs for 3 years. Flowers appear early. They are large up to 4 cm in diameter, pink streaks are visible on white petals. The culture has good winter hardiness and drought tolerance. It does not require additional pollination, but is itself a pollinator for other varieties.
Productivity is good. The fruits are small (weight does not exceed 20 g), roundish, bright yellow. The pulp is orange, sweet and sour. Collect them in late July - early August. Transportable. The variety is undemanding to soils and care, but has an average resistance to the main diseases of stone fruits.
June early
Self-infertile variety requiring pollinators-assistants. Apricots are planted next to it:
- Red-cheeked;
- Chisinau early.
Harvested in mid-June. The fruits are medium (up to 44 g), roundish, bright orange in color with a blurry blush. The pulp is orange with a sweet taste and a slight acidity. The first fruits appear for 3-4 years. The variety is undemanding to soils, resistant to cytosporosis. Productivity depends on the age of the tree - the older it is, the higher its rate.
Mid-season varieties
They are characterized by increased resistance to low temperatures, well tolerate a lack of moisture. Ripening dates - the second half of July - the beginning of August.
Saratov ruby
Frost-resistant variety that is grown in the Lower Volga region. The tree is tall - up to 5 m, fast-growing with a spherical crown. In spring, white medium-sized flowers cover the branches. To form an ovary, it is necessary to plant near it:
- Gourmet
- Dessert Golubev.
For more northern areas, fit:
- Triumph of the North;
- Zhiguli souvenir.
Fruits of medium size, weighing no more than 42 g. Apricots are covered with a bright carmine blush. The pulp is orange, dense, medium juiciness, sweet and sour. The stone is small, easily separated from the pulp.
It is not necessary to buy cuttings, apricot can be grown from seed. How to do it - read here.
Apricot Saratov Ruby ripening occurs in mid-July. Productivity is average, but stable. The kidneys withstand cooling to -36 ° C, perennial wood up to -42 ° C. Fruits are not afraid of dampness, do not crack at high humidity, and are distinguished by good keeping quality. When transporting over long distances, they do not lose their attractive appearance and taste. The variety is resistant to fungal diseases - moniliosis and kleasterosporiosis.
Shalah or “Yerevan” apricot
Variety with large fruits (90 g). The tree is tall, grows up to 6 m, is characterized by rapid growth. He begins bearing fruit in 4 years. Its flowering depends on climatic conditions. The warmer the growing area, the earlier the flowers bloom - the end of June, in a temperate climate - July.
Yields are high - up to 200 kg. Fruits a tree annually. With a favorable climate and proper care, they increase to 350 kg. Fruits are pale pink with a yellow tint or cream with a raspberry blush. Matte finish. The pulp is sweet with a slight acidity and pineapple aroma. When overripe, coarse fibers appear.
The variety is resistant to diseases and pests. Frost resistance is average, in the northern regions it freezes. The fruits are transportable, well stored in cool conditions.
Royal
A variety with medium winter hardiness, but manages to grow it in the south of Siberia. The tree is very tall. Crohn is round and wide. It comes into bearing after 4 years, the fruits are formed annually. From a 10-year-old tree, up to 45-50 kg of large yellow-orange fruits are removed, on one side there is a blush.
The pulp is yellow, juicy, sweet and sour. The fruits are not transportable. The tree withstands prolonged drought and frost up to -20 ° C. The main disadvantage is the lack of immunity to diseases and pests, so you can not do without regular treatment.
Pineapple
Coming from the Crimea. The tree reaches a height of 4 m. The crown is rounded. Shoots grow quickly, so they prune every year. This is a self-made variety, it can do without additional pollination, but gardeners recommend planting apricots of other varieties, plums, peaches, and thorns around it, since in this case the yield increases by 1/3.
On winter hardiness and drought tolerance has high rates. Even if a tree suffers from subzero temperatures, it will quickly recover in spring. The first fruits can be tasted after 3-4 years. They are large - up to 40 g. Ripe fruits have a pale yellow tint. The pulp is slightly fibrous with a pineapple aroma and noticeable acidity.
Triumph North
Triumph North has high frost resistance. The wood is able to withstand cooling down to -35 ° C, flower buds - up to -28 ° C. The tree has a spreading crown, and its height is 4 m. The fruits are large (up to 60 g), yellow-orange with a light fluff, rough skin. On the sunny side it is covered with a reddish tan, on the shade it has a greenish tint. Pulp with almond flavor.
Harvest ripens in early August, with a cold summer - after August 20. Fruits are not prone to shedding. The first apricots are harvested after 4 years. The maximum yield is 60 kg from a 10-12-year-old tree, but it bears fruit at intervals. The variety is resistant to klyastosporioz and pests, but prone to moniliosis.
This is a self-fertile variety, for the formation of ovaries next to it are planted "Best Michurinsky", "Amur" and other varieties that bloom at the same time with it - after May 20. If the fruit ripens in rainy weather, then they crack.
Russian
The variety was bred in the Caucasus, but it also took root well in the Middle lane. The tree reaches 4 m in height. It comes into bearing for 5 years, while the yield is growing every year. From an adult tree, up to 75 kg of fruits are harvested. They are large weighing 50-65 g, yellow-orange.
The pulp is friable, fragrant, very sweet. The fruits are consumed fresh, they are not subjected to heat treatment, as they lose their taste. The dignity of the variety is considered to be high winter hardiness - the tree withstands frosts down to -30 ° C, immunity to diseases and pests, self-fertility.
Late ripening varieties
Apricot varieties are characterized by increased resistance to frost, as well as the ability of fruits to be stored for a long time under certain conditions. Ripening dates - end of August - mid-September.
Spark
The variety is recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. This is a medium-sized tree with a rare, raised crown. It begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting.
Large fruits weighing 50 g, asymmetric with a bright pink blush. The pulp is dense, crispy. Ripening occurs in August. Fruits are stored in the refrigerator for more than a month, provided that they are not damaged. Withstands frosts down to -36 ° C.
Edelweiss
The tree is medium-sized with a round shape. Fruiting occurs after 4 years, it is stable, annual. The variety is characterized by high frost resistance and drought resistance. Productivity is high.
A plus is that it does not require pollinators. Fruits are medium sized, light yellow. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour. The fruits are well stored. The variety requires constant pruning and crown formation.
Canning
The variety is quite demanding on growing conditions, which greatly affect yield. Strong-growing tree with a wide crown. The first fruits are removed after 3-4 years. They are large up to 65 g, bright yellow, covered with a blurred blush. The pulp is juicy with a sweet and sour taste. However, the warmer the area, the more sugar it contains. With a lack of moisture in the fruits, astringency appears.
Overripe fruits may fall. Winter hardiness is average, in severe frosts, flower buds freeze, but in the spring they quickly recover, although productivity decreases. May be affected by holey spotting, and requires crown formation.
Permit
The Armenian variety, which is distinguished by the height of the tree, does not exceed 2 m. The shoots must be constantly cut to maintain the attractive appearance of the crown. Productivity - 50 kg from one tree.
The fruits are very large, yellow with a red blush. The pulp is dense, fibrous, which allows them to be used for drying. The variety tolerates frosts up to -40 ° C, is resistant to disease.
Apricot varieties near Moscow
Traditionally, southern culture, thanks to the efforts of breeders, is grown in difficult climatic conditions. For the Moscow region, they select varieties exclusively intended for cultivation in this region.
Aquarius
It is a self-pollinated variety with an average ripening period. The tree is fast growing, tall. The first fruits are harvested for the 4th year, they are formed annually.
Apricots are medium in size (25 g), juicy, sweet, acid is present. Yields on top. The variety is frost-resistant, withstands spring frosts. Almost not affected by aphids.
Orlovchanin
Another self-made universal variety. Tree up to 4 m in height with a crown of medium density. Fruiting occurs after 3 years.
Fruits are dark yellow in color with dark red dots scattered across the surface. Meaty flesh, sweet. The variety is resistant to clastosporiosis. Frost resistance is high.
The largest varieties
They are distinguished by the large size of the fruits with juicy fleshy flesh.
Red cheek
One of the old varieties that needs a lot of sun, so they grow it only in the southern regions. It has excellent self-pollination. The tree grows up to 12 m in height, which makes it difficult to harvest, but up to 100 kg of fruits are removed from it.
The first crop is formed for 3-4 years, sometimes for 5-7. The fruits of the variety Krasnoshchek are large, bright yellow, red dots appear in the sun. For transportation, they are removed in an unripe form. The minus of the variety is intolerance to return frosts.
Pearl
Czech variety with medium-term fruit ripening. It has several advantages - self-pollination, large-fruited, resistance to moniliosis, high yield, transportability of fruits.
The tree is medium in size, compact. Fruits (100 g) with a dense carmine blush. The pulp is honey, crisp and aromatic. The variety has high frost resistance.
Early
Variety with a "talking" name - it indicates the ripening period of the fruit. This is the result of selection by Ukrainian scientists. Large fruits have been harvested since the end of June.
The pulp is sweet. Thanks to the dense skin, they perfectly transport transportation over long distances. Productivity is increased. The variety is demanding to care for, with insufficient watering and top dressing, the fruits become smaller and lose their sweetness.
Dawn of the East
Zoned apricot variety, grown in Turkmenistan and the Crimea. The tree is tall, the crown is sprawling. Fruits of irregular shape - weighing up to 60 g, with a deep abdominal suture and a strong raspberry blush.
This is a partially self-fertile variety, so helpers will be needed. The first fruits are obtained after 3 years. Winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases is average.Apricots ripen in the Crimean orchards from July 15, in Central Asia a little earlier - in the second half of June.
Farmingdale
The variety is the result of the work of American breeders. The tree is tall, self-pollinated. The first fruits appear 3-4 years after the planting of seedlings.
It boasts immunity to moniliosis, bacterial spotting and rust. Winter hardiness is average. The fruits are orange with a slight pinkish blush.
Aviator
Crimean variety with fruits above average size (up to 55 g). A tall tree has a dense crown with a pyramidal shape. The skin is strong, thin, its color varies from light yellow to cream-orange, there is a faint raspberry blush.
The pulp is sweet. It comes into bearing only for 5-6 years. The fruits ripen on July 10-20. The advantages of the cultivar are high drought tolerance, winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases. The variety is demanding on growing conditions.
Crimean Cupid
A self-made variety that does not require pollinators. The tree is fast-growing, begins to bear fruit for 5-6 years. High yielding. The fruits themselves with a deep abdominal suture and thin skin, dark orange in color with a blurred blush. They are distinguished by high keeping quality.
Since this variety belongs to late-ripening, spring frosts are not afraid of him. But the tree does not tolerate high humidity, so in the lowlands it is better not to plant it, it is not resistant to fungal diseases, it requires a lot of light and heat.
Winter-hardy varieties
Such apricots are characterized by increased resistance to freezing temperatures. Moreover, not only the trees themselves are frost-resistant, but also the buds, which are most often exposed to low temperatures.
Bai
Far Eastern grade. A tall tree with a non-spreading crown and sparse branches, withstands lowering air temperatures to -40 ° C and develops well in places with high humidity.
The fruits ripen in late July - early August. Up to 100 kg of small apricots (30 g) are removed from the tree. The skin is yellow and covered with a red blush. Usually they are used fresh.
Hardy
A self-fertile variety of late ripening. On a long-growing tree, sweet, medium fruits are annually formed - weighing up to 40 g. Yield indicators are high - up to 60 kg. Begins to bear fruit for 5-6 years.
Frost resistance is high, resistance to diseases is average. The variety is often affected by moniliosis, therefore, preventive measures should be taken regularly.
Favorite
The variety is not afraid of not only severe frosts, but also heat, therefore, gardeners of the East Siberian District are fearlessly growing it. The tree grows quickly, reaching a height of 5 m.
The fruits are medium (up to 40 g) with sweet and sour mealy flesh. The skin is dark yellow and covered with red dots. Up to 60 kg are harvested annually from one tree in early August. The first fruits are harvested for 3-4 years after planting a seedling.
Partisan Highland
One of the most frost-resistant varieties that can withstand temperatures below -50 ° C. The tree does not tolerate high humidity, it is planted in drained places. The fruits are medium sized, sweet and sour. Suitable for drying and home cooking.
Spassky
Another record breaking frosts down to -50 ° C. Fruits are small up to 30 g, sweet and sour. It is planted on hills, in places where groundwater lies deep. If the tree grows in humid places, then its resistance to low temperatures drops markedly.
Ussuri
A hybrid that prefers to grow on high ground. The tree is characterized by very slow growth, rarely exceeding 3 meters in height. Crohn is compact. The bark of the trunks is resistant to heat and sunburn.
It withstands frosts down to -50 ° C, temperature drops. Not afraid of high humidity, it does not affect the growth and development of fruits and the tree itself. The fruits are small 20-40 g, but sweet.
Column-shaped Apricots
Column-shaped apricots are compact trees with a crown resembling a column. They are very popular due to the fact that they take up little space on the site, and their yield is not inferior to ordinary varieties.
Sunny
A compact tree up to 2.5 m high. It has no crowns as such, the fruits are formed on short branches extending from the trunk. Productivity is high - in one season 2 buckets of delicious fruits are removed, each weighing 40-60 g. The tree withstands frosts down to -35 ° C.
Experts recommend planting this variety in sunny areas, but even in small partial shade they mature perfectly. This is a self-infertile variety, planted next to it:
- Column-shaped variety "Prince Mart";
- non-colonial Big Red.
Gold
Variety with yellow-golden fruits. The tree reaches a height of 2.5 m, the crown diameter does not exceed 1 m. The annual yield, ripening occurs in late July - early August. The pluses are self-pollination and winter hardiness (up to -35 ° C).
Fruits without pubescence with smooth skin, weighing 50-55 g. The tree does not tolerate waterlogging of the soil, the root system rots very quickly. It can bear fruit in partial shade and shade, but it is still better to plant in sunny areas.
Star
Self-pollinating grade. The tree is undersized, compact. Fruiting begins in the 3rd year. High-yielding apricot. Fruits are large up to 100 g.
Harvest ripens in the first half of August. Frost-resistant variety, it is not afraid of cold up to -30 ° C. Like all columnar varieties requires regular pruning. Of the minuses, it is worth noting - early flowering, with return frosts, part of the flowers may die.
Prince march
This is a low tree, the height of which reaches only 2 m. The first fruits are harvested for 2-3 years. It is recommended to grow it in areas with a warm climate, but with proper agricultural technology, it also bears fruit well in the middle lane.
Frost-resistant variety, can withstand temperatures down to -30 ° C. However, it is sensitive to spring frosts, flowers can be damaged.
Does not need additional pollination, copes with this task independently. Fruits weighing 30-60 g ripen in August. On the sunny side, one of the barrels is covered with a noticeable blush. The culture is immune to diseases and pests and requires annual pruning. How and when to prune apricot, read here.
Undersized apricot varieties
The height of the tree does not exceed 3 m, they are popular, as it is easier to look after them and harvest.
Snegiryok
The tree grows to 1.5 m. It takes root well in the Moscow Region, Leningrad Region, but requires shelter for the winter. The frost-resistant variety, thanks to its thick bark, can withstand cold up to -42 ° C, not drought-resistant - watering is mandatory.
The fruits are cream colored and covered with a burgundy blush. They are small up to 18 g, but have a very sweet flesh. Sometimes apricot bitter under the skin.
This self-pollinated variety blooms late, so it is not afraid of return frosts. The first fruits are formed 5 years after planting, fruiting is periodic. Productivity is from 7 to 15 kg. Culture is affected by moniliosis and spotting. Fruits are stored until January, are transportable.
Cup
Suitable grade for the middle strip. The height of the tree does not exceed 1.5 m. Apricots of other varieties are planted next to it to form ovaries. The fruits resemble the shape of a cup. They are small, creamy yellow and ripen in early August. It tastes sweet. Fruiting is annual, yield is good.
Black mouse
Variety with black fruits. A dwarf tree, it can be planted not only in the garden, but also in the tub. Winter hardiness is good. The fruits are very small (up to 30 g), red-violet and sweet and sour.
Black Prince
Another variety of black apricot, or rather, a hybrid of cherry plum and apricot. This is the most productive variety of this variety. The fruits are large (90 g), but the colors are not black at all, but burgundy. Sweet and sour flesh. They ripen on August 1-10.
Winter hardiness is good. The fruits are not transportable, crack during transportation. The plus is its self-pollination. After 5 years, thorns begin to grow on the branches, which makes harvesting difficult.
To choose the best variety for planting on your site, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of each representative, the ripening time and characteristics. Guided by the data presented in the article, you can easily choose a variety that is suitable for you in the main parameters and will delight you with a rich harvest.