Technical grape varieties are used to make wines. When choosing a variety, special attention is paid to the physicochemical characteristics, while the appearance of the bunch does not matter. All varieties are divided into 3 large groups: white, pink and black. This article will introduce the most popular of them and their main characteristics.
Whites
A distinctive feature of white grape varieties is the color of the berries, which can be white, yellow or green.
Comparative table of the main characteristics of white grape varieties:
Grade name | Sugar content,% | Acidity, g / l | The weight of one bunch, g | Ripening period, days | Productivity, t / ha |
Crystal | 17-18 | 6-7 | 170-220 | 110-115 | 160-200 |
Muscat Odessa | 18-22 | 6-9 | 130-190 | 130-140 | Up to 200 |
Platovsky | 18-20 | 7-9 | 180-200 | 110-115 | Up to 300 |
Chardonnay | 23-26 | 8-12 | 90-95 | 135-140 | 80-120 |
Aligote | 14-23 | 8-10 | 100-105 | 140-145 | 90-140 |
Kokur is white | 17-21 | 8-9 | 160-200 | 160-170 | 100-170 |
Muscadelle | 19-21 | 7-8 | 100-150 | 133-142 | 30-60 |
Riesling | 18-20 | 7-9 | 80-100 | 148-160 | 70-110 |
Fetyaska white | 24-26 | 6-7 | 75-130 | 140-150 | 65-90 |
Bianca | 20-28 | 7-9 | 90-120 | 110-120 | Up to 200 |
Crystal
The Hungarian selection grape variety was created on the basis of the Amur, Challoci Lajos and Villar Blanc varieties.
Shoots of medium growth power, leaves of a strongly cut form, dark green.
The clusters are conical or cylindrical-conical, medium in size, density - medium. Fruits with a strong peel of yellow-green color, oval, not very large. Taste is characterized as harmonious, juicy flesh.
The variety belongs to early ripening. Harvesting falls in the second half of August.
Advantages:
- maturation of a one-year vine 90-100%;
- long-term preservation of ripened brushes on the shoots, flesh to frost;
- high resistance to diseases, gray rot - not affected;
- frost resistance.
Disadvantages:
- a decrease in acidity to 3.5-4 g / l with a slight sugar accumulation, which significantly worsens the taste of wine;
- when the stands are neglected, the ovaries crumble, productivity decreases sharply.
Muscat Odessa
Bred by Ukrainian breeders from Amur muscat Blue early and European Pierrell.
Shoots have great growth power. The leaf is medium, three-lobed, cut.
On one shoot, there may be immediately 2-3 clusters of medium density and mass. The shape of the brushes is cylindrical or conical. The berries are round in shape, covered with a thin but dense skin of a yellowish or greenish hue. The pulp is mucous, sweet.
Muscat of Odessa ripens for the middle period. Harvesting - at the end of September.
Advantages:
- high rates of shoot ripening;
- moderate disease resistance;
- frost resistance.
Disadvantages:
- requires constant treatment from parasites, putrefactive infections;
- demanding on the composition of the soil;
- definitely need a drainage system.
Platovsky
Bred by Russian breeders. The following varieties were used: Gift of Magarach and Zaladende.
The growth rate of the shoots is characterized as average.
The clusters are conical-cylindrical, have moderate density and size. The berries are round in shape, medium in size. The color of the fruit is white, in the sun it gives off with a pink, the skin is transparent, thin. The pulp is juicy, has a harmonious sweet taste.
Platovsky grape variety is a very early variety.
Advantages:
- high ripening of shoots;
- resistance to underlying diseases;
- on the bushes, the crop can be stored up to 30 days without loss of taste;
- frost resistance.
Disadvantages:
- poor set of wood;
- poorly developed with more than 3 clusters to escape, therefore, requires constant rationing;
- should use a special stock - Kober 5BB;
- it is necessary to remove the leaves that cover the clusters.
Chardonnay
The world-famous grape variety is distributed in the provinces of Champagne and Burgundy, as well as in the USA, South America, New Zealand, South Africa, many European countries and in Russia.
The bush is medium or tall. The shoots are brown in color, the leaves are green, with age they become golden, and then bronze in color, a grayish tint is noticeable on the young foliage.
Bunches of conical or cylindrical shape. They have an average density, due to the fact that they crumble early they are characterized as loose. The berries are light, green, covered with a wax coating, on the sunny side they acquire a golden hue, rounded, slightly elongated. Brown spots may be present on thin skin. The pulp is juicy.
Ripening period is medium. It grows best in cool climates.
Advantages:
- excellent quality material for wine production;
- good frost resistance;
- drought tolerance.
Disadvantages:
- unsustainable crop yields;
- tendency to fungal diseases;
- berries may crack and rot;
- shoots can be destroyed by spring frosts;
- exactingness to the composition of the soil.
Aligote
An ancient variety from France, bred more than 300 years ago, selection - folk. Belongs to the Western European group.
Growth is rated medium or high. Outwardly, the bush is distinguished by petioles and veins of wine-red color, smooth, almost rounded leaves with a matte surface and curved edges.
Bunches of medium size and mass. The berries are tightly adjacent to each other, due to which they deform, the color is yellowish-green, dark brown spots from the sun and brown dots may be present. The berries are covered with strong, but not thick skin. The pulp is juicy, the taste is delicate, simple.
Aligote grows best on limestone soils in which marl and clay are present. The best place for the vineyard will be the slope of the mountain high above sea level.
Ripening period is mid-early. The harvesting period is the second half of September.
Advantages:
- the yield is stable, with high rates;
- high-quality material for the production of juice and wines, blending wine materials;
- relatively winter hardy;
- minor shedding of ovary and berries.
Disadvantages:
- sensitivity to early frosts in the spring;
- in rainy weather it is prone to fungal diseases and grape pests;
- Do not use a mechanized method of harvesting.
Kokur is white
The origin of the variety could not be established; it belongs to the ecological-geographical group of grape varieties of the Black Sea basin.
Bushes are vigorous. Seedlings are solid green, annual shoots take on a light brown hue. Leaves are five-lobed, deeply dissected, funnel-shaped. The lower part of the leaf is covered with cobwebly pubescence.
The clusters are medium in size and density. Conical or cylindrical-conical shape. The berries are large, elongated, ovoid. The color of the medium-dense peel is light green with a yellowish tint. The pulp has a pleasant, simple taste, juicy.
Kokur white variety belongs to the late. Harvested in late September and early October.
Advantages:
- resistance to gray rot;
- slight shedding of flowers and berries;
- high drought tolerance.
Disadvantages:
- winter hardiness is characterized as insufficient;
- low resistance to disease;
- high yields require irrigation.
Muscadelle
In the past - it grew exclusively on the southern coast of Crimea, now - it is adapted for cultivation in other regions.
The strength of development is medium. Shoots are green, medium thickness, flexible. In annual plants, a brown bark appears. Leaves are slightly dissected, three-lobed, round.
Bunches of medium size and density, shape - cylindrical-conical. The berries are round, medium, yellow-green, when overripe, a pink hue appears. The skin is thin. The pulp is tender and juicy, tastes like nutmeg.
Places for vineyards are best chosen on the southern slopes, slate and rocky soils, well protected and heated. Adequate moisture intake is also required.
Muscatel belongs to mid-early grades.
Benefits:
- higher than average yield;
- practically not affected by mildew;
- a tendency to rapidly accumulate sugar and reduce acidity.
Disadvantages:
- low frost resistance, tendency to freezing;
- highly susceptible to damage by oidium;
- lack of moisture has a significant effect on yield;
- rotting berries during the autumn doges.
Riesling
Belongs to the group of Western European grape varieties grown in many countries around the world.
The development of branches and trunk is distinguished by strong, the growth force is medium. The leaves are small, medium-dissected, round in shape, dark green in color; pubescence is absent on both sides.
The size of the cluster is small or medium, in the shape of a cylinder. It is characterized as loose and dense. The berries are greenish-white with a yellow tint and brown dots, round, the skin is thin and quite strong. The taste is pleasant and harmonious, the flesh is juicy.
Vine ripening occurs at the end of September and is defined as good. Prefers dry regions.
Advantages:
- good development of fruit buds;
- cold-resistant, rarely freezes during spring frosts;
- drought tolerance, the leaves do not dry out even with prolonged summer heat.
Disadvantages:
- rotting of berries is observed during the autumn rains;
- the need for careful selection;
- low productivity due to the large number of barren bushes.
Fetyaska white
The variety comes from Hungary, often found in the vineyards of Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania.
Vine growth is medium. Young shoots of green-red color, strong, smooth. Annuals are light brown, with long internodes. The fox is five-lobed, medium in size, without pubescence on both sides.
The clusters are cylindrical-conical, medium in size, dense and medium dense. The berries are yellow-green with a bluish tinge, medium size. On the sunny side, a “tan” is possible. The skin is translucent, thin enough, strong. The pulp is juicy, has a pleasant, harmonious taste.
Early medium grape variety. The harvesting period is the first half of September.
Advantages:
- good ripening of the vine;
- slight shedding and gardening of berries;
- tolerates drought due to deep rooting;
- can be grown on any soil for grapes.
Disadvantages:
- moisture sensitivity, in which the berries rot;
- susceptibility to disease;
- Do not carry out mechanized harvesting.
Bianca
Bred in Hungary. When crossing varieties were used Villar Blanc and Chasla Bouvier. It grows in the southern regions.
The Bianca bushes are medium-sized, have a delicate crown, shoots are self-growing. Leaves are smooth, green.
The clusters resemble a cylinder in shape, have medium density, small size. The berries are yellow-green, small or medium, rounded. The skin is thin, the pulp is juicy with a harmonious taste.
An early ripe variety, the crop begins to be harvested in early August.
Advantages:
- if you do not rush to harvest, you can achieve a decrease in acidity and increase sugar levels;
- cold resistance, does not require special shelters for the winter;
- unpretentious in leaving;
- resistant to major diseases;
- good ripening shoots.
Disadvantages:
- berries like wasps and birds, so they need to be covered with a protective net;
- can be affected by fungal diseases;
- it takes more time to harvest, as the grapes have small clusters;
- requires standardization of the ovary.
Pink
Rose grapes are called grape varieties, the berries of which acquire a color from white with a pink tint to bright red-pink. These varieties are characterized by a quick set of sugar.
Comparative table of the main characteristics of pink grape varieties:
Grade name | Sugar content,% | Acidity, g / l | The weight of one bunch, g | Ripening period, days | Productivity, t / ha |
Diana | 17-21 | 6-9 | 180-250 | 105-115 | 145-150 |
Lydia | 18-19 | 6-9 | 120-180 | 155-160 | 100-120 |
Gurzuf pink | 25-29 | 6-7 | 230-250 | 125-130 | 145-150 |
Pink nutmeg | 24-35 | 5-9 | 110-205 | 135-140 | 60-80 |
Gift of Magarach | 21-25 | 8-10 | 140-160 | 125-135 | 120-140 |
Rkatsiteli Magaracha | 21-23 | 7-9 | 130-170 | 136-145 | 130-150 |
Traminer pink | 19-26 | 6-7 | 70-120 | 139-155 | 60-70 |
Diana
Country of Origin - USA, New York.
The bush has medium or weak growth power, maturing is good. The leaf is whole, round, medium or small, heavily pubescent in the lower part.
The cluster is cylindrical, medium in size, dense. The berry is round, medium or small in size, dark pink in color. The pulp of the mucous consistency, to taste - with a slight acidity. The peel has a medium density, crispy.
Productivity is estimated as average and higher. Ripening - earlier. Harvesting is carried out in September.
Advantages:
- high transportability of bunches and ability to store;
- stable yield;
- the vine withstands frost up to -30 ° C without special shelter.
Among the shortcomings, one can distinguish a tendency to overload the crop, therefore, rationing of inflorescences is required.
Lydia
The birthplace of the Lydia variety is North America, it belongs to the group of isabella. Currently grown in small vineyards.
Bushes are high, above average. Often used for landscaping balconies, arbors, walls and canopies. The leaf is medium-dissected, medium or large, with a thick pubescence below, green.
Bunches of conical shape, loose, branched. The berries are dark red-pink in color, covered with a lilac wax coating, round, with a strong skin. The pulp of the mucosa has a strawberry flavor and aroma.
The ripening period is medium. Harvesting is carried out at the end of September.
Advantages:
- frost resistance, in the southern regions winters without shelter;
- resistant to major diseases;
- tolerates increased hydration.
Disadvantages:
- stepsoning is necessary, as the bushes are very overgrown;
- the stem of the berries weakens when ripe, which should be taken into account when harvesting and in windy areas.
Gurzuf pink
Brought on the basis of the NPF "Ampelos" more than 30 years ago. The following varieties were used for selection: Muscat, VIR, Magarach. It grows well in the Crimea, Krasnodar Territory, Central Asia.
The bush is vigorous, branches are brown, have good maturation in any weather conditions. The leaves are medium, round, green.
The clusters are shaped like a cylinder or cone, medium in size, loose. The berries are round, small. After aging, the skin becomes dark red, dense. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, with a nutmeg aroma.
A variety of early ripening. Harvest begins in August.
Advantages:
- adaptation to weather conditions, frost resistance;
- disease resistance;
- high productivity.
Disadvantages:
- requires constant pruning so that the fruits meet the standards of the variety;
- berries must be protected from birds and wasps;
- preventative measures should be taken from the caterpillar of the leafwort.
Pink nutmeg
A variety appeared several centuries ago in the south-west of Europe. Today - is found everywhere.
The bush is of medium growth strength, rounded in shape, the maturation is satisfactory and good. The main shoots are yellow-brown in color, grow somewhat down. For the development of secondary shoots, one season is often not enough. The leaves are round in shape, slightly indented at the edges, large. The top of the sheet is smooth, the bottom is covered with fluff.
The clusters are medium, dense. The berries are round, medium sized, dark red in color, covered with a wax coating. The more grapes ripen, the more their color becomes saturated. The pulp is juicy, with a delicate taste and nutmeg aroma. The skin is thin, strong.
Pink nutmeg is an early variety, harvesting fruits starting in September, given that grapes do not tolerate autumn frosts.
Advantages:
- stable yield;
- increased sugar accumulation, especially in warm climatic conditions;
- not picky about soil moisture.
Disadvantages:
- susceptibility to disease;
- low resistance to low temperatures;
- exactingness to the composition of the soil.
Gift of Magarach
Bred by scientists at the Institute of Wine and Winemaking Magarach as a result of crossing Rkatsiteli varieties and the technical hybrid form of Magarach.
Bushes are high or medium height. The leaves are five-lobed, slightly dissected, green, there is no pubescence on the upper and lower parts, but a network of wrinkles is clearly visible.
Bunches of conical-cylindrical shape, not very dense, medium-small. The berries are white in color, which turns pink when ripe and white with a waxy coating, round in shape. The skin is elastic, thin. The mucous flesh, when overripe, spreads, tastes good, but without a special smell.
A variety of medium early maturation. Ripening occurs at the end of August.
Advantages:
- high rates of sugar accumulation;
- high productivity;
- disease resistance;
- resistance to low temperatures.
Disadvantages:
- with poor drainage and planting in clay soil, root decay is possible;
- ovary rationing is required to prevent overloading the vines.
Rkatsiteli Magaracha
Bred by breeders of the Magarach WV based on Rkatsiteli and Villar Blanc varieties.
The variety is characterized by moderate growth strength, ripening is good. Leaves are medium-dissected, rounded, slightly funnel-shaped. The lower surface of the sheet is covered with bristly pubescence, the upper is smooth.
Bunches of medium size and density resemble a cylinder in shape. The berries are round, medium in size, white with a pink tinge. The pulp has a juiciness and harmonious taste. The skin is elastic and thin.
Rkatsiteli Magarach refers to mid-season grape varieties, ripens by the 2nd decade of September.
Advantages:
- frost resistance;
- increased resistance to fungal diseases;
- high productivity.
Productivity, although high, but variable.
Traminer pink
It is considered one of the oldest grape varieties. Genetically close to wild grapes. It grows in many countries of Europe.
Bushes of medium growth strength, on a production scale, weedy specimens are often found. Leaves are light green with a red tint. On the underside is felt pubescence. The shape is rounded, medium dissected, there are 3 and 5 lobed.
Bunches are small to medium in size, dense, winged. The berries are round, slightly oval, medium in size, light pink in color with a touch of bluish color. The skin is dense and thick. The pulp has a harmonious taste, delicate and juicy.
The variety is late. Crops begin to be harvested in late September and October. Productivity is high, but not stable.
Advantages:
- tolerates waterlogging well;
- good disease resistance;
- refers to the most valuable wine varieties.
Disadvantages:
- poor recovery after severe winters;
- does not tolerate drought;
- moderate frost resistance, requires mandatory shelter for the winter.
Black
Black grape varieties are the most common when grown under industrial conditions. They contain more useful substances than in other varieties. A distinctive feature is the color of berries from blue to dark purple, black.
Comparative table of the main characteristics of black grape varieties:
Grade name | Sugar content,% | Acidity, g / l | The weight of one bunch, g | Ripening period, days | Productivity, t / ha |
Isabel | 16-18 | 6-7 | 150-180 | 60-75 | |
August | 22-23 | 7-9 | 110-120 | 128-130 | 100-110 |
Taiga | 18-20 | 7-9 | 120-140 | 90-100 | 100 kg from a 7-8 year old bush |
Alievsky | 18-20 | 7-8 | 120-130 | 130-135 | 110-140 |
Alpha | 15-16 | 10-11 | 150-250 | 110-145 | 150-180 |
Muscat of Hamburg | 20-22 | 6-8 | 170-260 | 145-150 | 100-120 |
Zilga | 18-20 | 4-7 | 200-400 | 102-110 | 300-400 |
Cabernet Sauvignon | 19-21 | 8-9 | 70-75 | 145-165 | 60-90 |
Aleatico | 17-22 | 5-7 | 130-140 | 160-165 | 75-170 |
Saperavi | 16-23 | 8-12 | 95-100 | 150-160 | 90-110 |
Regent | 20-22 | 8-9 | 150-180 | 135-140 | 150-190 |
Pinot noir | 17-19 | 7-8 | 65-120 | 140-150 | 50-60 |
Isabel
An old grape variety comes from the USA. Widespread throughout the CIS, often used for landscaping.
Bushes are vigorous. New shoots can sprout from old wood and from replacing buds. The leaves are large, dark green above, green and white below, covered with thick pubescence.
Bunches of medium size, often cylindrical, medium density, loose. The berries are medium, round or oval, the color is black, covered with a thick waxy coating. The skin is strong, thick. The pulp of the mucosa has a strawberry flavor.
Belongs to late grades. Harvesting occurs in late September-early October, depending on the region of growth.
Advantages:
- good yield;
- disease resistance;
- tolerates waterlogging well.
Disadvantages:
- it is necessary to constantly normalize the growth of shoots in order to prevent strong overgrowth;
- does not tolerate drought;
- not advisable to grow in northern areas.
August
Bred by breeders of the Research Institute of Viticulture. Potapenko. Widely distributed in the southern regions.
Bushes grow intensively. The rooting of cuttings is high. The leaves are round, solid, mesh-wrinkled, fairly dense.
The cluster is small, cone-shaped, loose or medium density. The berries are saturated dark blue, round, small. The pulp is juicy and fleshy, with a slight nutmeg flavor.
Ripening period is defined as medium early. Harvest ripens by the end of August and beginning of September.
Advantages:
- does not require shelter for the winter at temperatures up to -25 ° C;
- disease resistance.
Disadvantages:
- does not tolerate waterlogging and drought;
- it is necessary to constantly remove the stepsons, so as not to overload the bush.
Taiga
A variety of wild grapes originating from the Amur taiga. Widely cultivated in the northern regions.
The bushes are vigorous, over the year they can add up to 7 m. The leaves are medium, round, without cuts.
The clusters are of medium size, conical in shape. The berries are small, rounded, in color from dark blue to black. They have a rich sweet and sour taste.
Maturation is early. Harvesting begins in late August.
Advantages:
- resistance to cold weather conditions;
- maturity in northern summers;
- disease resistance;
- high productivity;
- brushes can remain on the vine until frost.
Disadvantages:
- blooms in a female type, therefore, requires pollination;
- in the first year is often affected by mildew;
- Autumn pruning can cause freezing;
- not grown in industrial sizes.
Alievsky
Bred by Russian breeders by crossing the Startovy variety with the Viorika variety.
The bush is medium-sized. The vine ripens well. The leaves are large with easy dissection, green, on the inside with a slight pubescence.
A bunch of dense cylindrical-conical shape. Berries with dense skin, blue-black, covered with spring plaque. The pulp is soft, without a special aroma.
By maturity refers to the average. Berries ripen in mid-September.
Advantages:
- disease resistance;
- frost resistance;
- good ripening shoots.
Disadvantages not found.
Alpha
Bred by crossing varieties Riparia and Labrusca. It has been cultivated for many years in Russia, most often found in the Primorsky Territory. Often used for landscaping.
The bush is overgrown. The leaves are three-lobed, rounded, not very dissected.
Bunches of medium size and density, sometimes with a wing, in the shape of a cylinder. The berry is medium, round, the color can be red-brown or purple, covered with a waxy coating. The pulp is mucous, with a sour taste.
The ripening period is average, they begin to harvest in mid-September.
Advantages:
- frost resistance;
- disease resistance;
- used for pollination of other varieties.
Disadvantages:
- requires good watering, especially in the first year;
- high acidity.
Muscat of Hamburg
Homeland - England, bred around the 19th century. Today it is distributed in many wine-making countries.
The vine is characterized by medium and higher growth rates. Bushes are medium. The shape of the leaves is heart-shaped, with corrugated edges, medium size.
The size of the clusters can be described as large or medium, conical in shape, loose, sometimes with wings. The grapes are large, rounded, blue-violet with a dense coating. The skin is dense, fleshy flesh, juicy.
Muscat of Hamburg belongs to medium-late varieties; it ripens by the end of September.
Advantages:
- high productivity;
- high sugar accumulation;
- long storage period of the harvested crop and good transport tolerance.
Disadvantages:
- low resistance to frost;
- low disease resistance;
- a tendency to irrigate berries.
Zilga
The variety was bred in Latvia using such varieties as Smuglyanka, Dvietes, Yubileiny Novgorod.
The variety is notable for its high growth power of bushes. A leaf of medium size, three-lobed.
A bunch is large, dense, with a wing. The berries are oval, large, blue. The pulp is mucous, has a isobaric aroma.
It ripens in late July and early August, therefore it is considered very early.
Advantages:
- frost resistance;
- resistance to underlying diseases;
- ripe thunderstorms can be on the bush for a long time without loss of quality;
- good transportability.
Disadvantages:
- it is necessary to take care of protection from the wind;
- For planting, a site with a close location of groundwater is not suitable.
Carbene Sauvignon
The variety comes from France, the province of Bordeaux. It grows in many countries of the world.
The vine is well rooted and ripe well, shoot growth is strong. The bush is sprawling. The leaves are round, with reddish cloves at the ends.
The clusters are long, friable, conical. The berries are round with a rough skin, blue, covered with a coating. The taste is pleasant, reminiscent of nightshade. The pulp is juicy.
The ripening period is late. Harvest ripens by the end of September and beginning of October.
Advantages:
- resistance to drought;
- resistance to decay;
- frost resistant;
- very high disease resistance;
- adaptability to climatic conditions;
- mechanized cleaning is possible.
Disadvantages:
- berry irrigation;
- shedding in strong winds.
Aleatico
The variety belongs to the West European ecological and geographical group, originally from Italy.
Spreading seedlings. The growth power of the bush is medium and high. Leaves with small hollow teeth, the middle lobe is folded by a groove. The apical leaves have raspberry spots.
The bunch is cylindrical-conical, medium, dense or medium friability. The berries are black in color, with a bluish tinge, roundish, medium in size. The pulp is juicy with a light nutmeg taste.
Ripens in the 3rd decade of September, belongs to medium-late grades.
Advantages:
- high yield with good care;
- resistant to bunch leaf
Disadvantages:
- not resistant to diseases;
- increased heat requirements;
- in conditions of high humidity, fungal diseases develop;
- does not tolerate drought.
Saperavi
Ancient Georgian variety. Belongs to the group of grape varieties of the Black Sea basin.
The growth rate of the bush is medium. Leaves, ovoid, weak dissection, light green in color, with dense cobwebly pubescence.
The cluster is medium, conical with a large base, loose, often branched. The oval berry is dark blue, medium in size, covered with a wax coating. The skin is thin but durable. The pulp is juicy.
Ripening dates are medium late. The removable period lasts from late September to mid-October.
Advantages:
- damage by a bunch leaflet is lower than that of other varieties;
- accumulates sugar well.
Disadvantages:
- significant shedding of flowers and berries;
- poor disease resistance.
Regent
Regent is an interspecific hybrid obtained by German breeders. For breeding, varieties Diana and Chambursen were used.
The growth force of the bush is characterized as medium, stepson formation is insignificant. The leaf is round, dissected, small in size.
The cluster is medium-sized, conical, moderately dense. The berries are round, not very large, black in color. The pulp is juicy, tastes harmonious with herbal notes.
The ripening of the vine is medium-late; they are harvested in the second half of September.
Do not leave ripened grapes for a long time in the bushes, as acidity decreases, and the stalk weakens.
Advantages:
- frost resistant;
- good resistance to underlying diseases.
Disadvantages:
- very sensitive to the content of nutrients in the soil;
- when ripening, the berries crumble;
- Do not carry out mechanized cleaning.
Pinot noir
The variety comes from France, the province of Burgundy. It is cultivated in many countries of the world.
The growth of Pinot Noir bushes is medium. The leaves are round in shape, not large, with a wide middle lobe. In the lower part you can see a slight pubescence.
Bunches from small to medium sizes, dense or very dense, resemble a cylinder in shape. The berries are round, can be deformed, the color is dark blue with a bluish coating, the size is medium. The skin is strong, thin. The pulp is juicy with a delicate, harmonious taste.
Maturing by time is average. Harvested by the end of September.
Advantages:
- relatively high frost resistance;
- good development of shoots from replacement buds, with freezing of the main;
- resistance to gray rot.
Disadvantages:
- does not like lowland landing sites and flat terrain;
- irrigation of berries in adverse weather conditions.
Each technical grape variety has unique characteristics that give a particular taste and aroma to the wine made from it. From a huge variety of varieties, each winegrower can choose the one that suits his personal preferences and growing conditions, whether it is a garden or a large industrial vineyard.