Currant Vigorous not without reason got its name - it is one of the largest-fruited varieties in Russia. Its berries reach 2 cm in diameter and have a rich currant aroma. We will learn how to plant this variety, what is it remarkable for, and what are the features of its cultivation?
Currant variety "Yadrenaya"
with proper care, up to six kilograms of berries can be removed from each “Vigorous” currant bush
the main advantage of the variety "Yadrenaya" are large fruits, which is why they are often mistaken for grapes
The history of the appearance of the variety
Currant Yadrenaya was bred at the end of the 20th century at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Siberia. She immediately made a sensation among gardeners - her berries were superior in size to the vast majority of varieties. And even now Yadrenaya is one of the largest-fruited versions of black currant.
A hybrid with giant berries was cross-pollinated with different varieties of currants. To work on a new variety, breeders used "Lyubimitsa Altai", "Dikovinka" and "Bradthorpe". In the State Register since 2000. Recommended for Western Siberia and the Volga-Vyatka region.
Description of Poisonous Currant
Brief botanical description:
- Bush. Compact, medium spreading, slightly leafy. It grows in height and width up to 1.5 m. The crown is not dense. Shoots are upright, of medium thickness, green with a blush and slight pubescence.
- Leaves. Dark green, five-lobed, wrinkled and bubbly. Veins are pinkish, pressed into the surface of the plates. On the edges of the leaves there are sharp, slightly bent teeth in cream dots.
- Fruit. Large, black, shiny, regular spherical shape. The skin is firm and fleshy. They grow on clusters of 6-12 pieces. The fruit contains a lot of seeds - they are large but soft.
- Flowers. Small, white-pink, with a pleasant sweet aroma. On the stalks, 4-10 pieces are formed.
The size of the berries of the Poisonous Currant is comparable to a five-ruble coin, because of its large size it is often confused with grapes.
Characteristic qualities
The variety blooms in mid-spring and bears fruit in mid-summer. The variety is considered self-pollinated, but it is recommended to plant it close to other blackcurrant varieties.
Main characteristics of Vigorous currant:
Parameters / characteristics | Value / Description |
Ripening period | medium late (ripening - mid-July) |
Yield | 4-6 kg per bush, per hectare - 6-12 tons |
Frost resistance | high |
Drought tolerance | high |
Disease resistance | resistant to hazelnuts, kidney mites and powdery mildew |
Fruit weight | 5-6 g |
Fruit taste | balanced sweet and sour |
Transportability and keeping quality | unsatisfactory |
Duration of fruiting | 6-7 years old |
Fruiting | for 2-3 years of disembarkation |
Other features of the variety:
- Shoot growth rate is average.
- The berries are easily separated from the stalk. The skin is not damaged when the fruit is torn off.
- About 600 berries ripen on one branch.
- Ripe berries can be kept on the bush for 3-5 days - they will become sweeter.
The palatability and quantity of Yadrenaya fruit is influenced by cross-pollination. This is probably why the taste reviews range from "excellent" to "mediocre". In numerical terms, this is shown by tasting ratings of the fruits - from 3.8 to 5.
Suitable region and climate
The variety was bred for the mountainous Altai, in which the continental climate prevails. Winters are severe here and summers are dry. The highest yield of Yadrenaya is observed precisely in Altai and in the adjacent regions of Siberia.
But this large-fruited currant is popular almost throughout the Russian Federation. It grows well in the Volga region, in the Central region, in the middle latitudes, in the Far East. But the further north you go, the finer the berries and the lower the harvest.
Advantages and disadvantages
Benefits:
- Early maturity. Already in the second year after planting, large black berries appear on the bush.
- High productivity. Adult bushes yield up to 6 kg of berries.
- High winter hardiness. The bushes easily survive 30-degree frosts and even higher.
- Resistance to diseases of currant. The variety is resistant to the most ubiquitous fungal disease of berry crops - powdery mildew.
- Large-fruited. Individual specimens reach 8-9 g. Usually fruits grow on one bush of the same size.
Disadvantages of the variety:
- During transportation, the berries quickly lose their presentation.
- Demanding for feeding and pruning.
- The life span is shorter than that of other varieties. After 6-7 years, the bushes have to be uprooted and replaced with new ones.
- Many gardeners are unhappy with the excessive acidity. It is explained by the increased content of vitamin C in Yadrenaya fruits - it is almost twice as much as in other varieties (95 mg per 100 g of fruits).
Planting currants
The variety is picky about growing conditions - the quality of the soil and lighting. If you do not choose a site successfully, or plant unhealthy planting material, you can not count on a good harvest.
You will learn about the features of planting black currants from this article.
Sapling selection
Two-year-old seedlings take root best. Signs that determine healthy planting material:
- 2-3 strong shoots - fresh, intact, without signs of lethargy;
- lack of spots or plaque on the leaves - they indicate the presence of fungal and other diseases;
- bark color - light brown, leaves - green, saturated;
- the root system should have 2-3 separate roots 25-30 cm long, the color of the roots is dark brown, without defects.
Seedlings are sold in pots - with closed roots, or with an open root system. The first option is more convenient, the seedling does not receive stress during transplantation, since the roots roll into the planting pit along with a lump of earth.
Choosing a place and time
How to choose a place for landing Yadrenaya:
- Well-lit area. Slight partial shade is allowed.
- It is desirable that there is protection on the north side - for example, a wall or a fence.
- The maximum permissible groundwater level is 1 m.
- Lowlands where water stagnates are not suitable.
- Soils are needed light, with good air permeability. Most suitable are podzolic, gray earth and sandy loam soils.
- The plant prefers slightly acidic soils.
- When planting, it is important to take into account the proximity of neighboring plants - the bush will grow upward and in breadth over time. It is not recommended to plant currants near trees and tall bushes.
- The best predecessors are vegetable and ornamental crops. Undesirable - currants and gooseberries. If these berry crops grew nearby, the planting is moved 1 m to the side.
You can plant Vigorous in the spring, when the threat of frost has passed, or in the fall - 2-3 weeks before the onset of stable cold weather. For the regions in which the variety is zoned, the timing of spring planting is the first decade of May, and autumn planting is mid-September.
Soil preparation
Preparing the soil for planting:
- Find out what the acidity of the soil is. If it is high, add wood ash or dolomite flour to the soil - 500-250 mg per 1 sq. m respectively.
- If the groundwater comes close to the surface, embed a half-meter mound and make effective drainage. To do this, put river sand, small ceramic shards and brick chips at the bottom of the planting pit. The thickness of the drainage layer should be at least 5-7 cm.
- Weed and dig up the place where the currants will be planted, removing debris, stones and rhizomes of weeds.
- Dig a hole about 50 cm deep and wide. You must dig and prepare the hole two weeks before planting. The depth of the hole depends on the fertility of the soil, the less it is, the deeper you need to dig, and the more humus will be required.
- Pour soil mixture into the pit. Prepare it from a fertile layer - this is the top 15-20 cm of soil, and fertilizer. For one pit, take 15 liters of humus or rotted manure, 100 g of superphosphate, 35 g of potassium nitrate. Or use a chemical fertilizer that contains potassium and phosphorus, such as nitrophosphate. Fresh manure must not be introduced into the planting pit.
- Pour the resulting soil mixture into the hole so that you get a hill. Cover the pit with waterproof material. After two weeks, weather permitting, you can start planting.
If planting is carried out in the fall, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are not applied. It is also forbidden to apply fertilizers containing chlorine - potassium chloride, for example.
Landing scheme:
- the distance between adjacent seedlings is 1.75-2 m;
- between rows - 2-2.5 m.
Landing technique
Before planting, the seedlings are inspected, if necessary, dry and damaged parts are cut off. It is recommended to process the roots:
- A weak solution of potassium permanganate - for disinfection and protection of the seedling from diseases and pests.
- With a solution of potassium humate, Topaz or Epin - to stimulate growth.
- 2-3 hours before planting, the roots are dipped in a dung-clay mash - its consistency should be like thick sour cream, and dried in the sun.
Landing order:
- Pour warm water into the prepared hole.
- Place the seedling prepared for planting on the top of the hill, poured into the hole two weeks earlier. Spread the roots in all directions, they should not be bent. Place the seedling at an angle - it will be better for new shoots to grow. If you put the seedling strictly upright, the bush will be more compact.
- After digging a hole, you should be left with barren soil - the fertile one you used to create the soil mixture. Cover the roots with this soil. The root collar should be 5-7 cm below the soil level.
- Trim all shoots 2/3 their length. Leave 3-4 leaf buds on each shoot. The length of the cut branches will be approximately 7-8 cm.
- Water the planted seedling with warm water. In one pit - 3-5 liters.
- When the water is absorbed, sprinkle mulch on the near-stem circle. Use peat, hay, or straw.
Do not mulch the currants with sawdust - they increase the acidity of the soil.
Care of the planted variety
The size of the berries and their taste, as well as the amount of harvest, directly depends on the care. To achieve good results, large-fruited currants must be watered, fed and cut on time.
Watering and loosening
The variety tolerates drought, but in order for the berries to be large and the harvest to be solid, the bushes must be watered. Features of watering Vigorous:
- Watering frequency is every 2-3 days.
- Watering rate - 10-12 liters per one bush.
- The best time to water is morning and evening after sunset.
- The best way to water is by sprinkling. Or water is poured into a groove dug around the trunk - at a distance of half a meter.
- The most important period for watering is the period of fruit ripening and the formation of new flower buds, from which berries will grow next year.
- If the heat is intense, the foliage is sprayed from the back.
- Closer to autumn, watering is reduced. The weekly rate is 35-40 liters.
- The last watering is plentiful, at the end of September - 40 liters are poured at a time. This is water-charging watering - it is necessary to prepare the plant for wintering.
The soil is loosened 1-2 days after watering. Loosening is necessary for better oxygen supply to the roots. During loosening, at the same time, they remove weeds and destroy many pests hiding in the soil.
Top dressing
If the currants are planted correctly, and all the necessary fertilizers are laid in the planting hole, then the whole next year, feeding is not needed. The plant needs fertilizers only in the second year of planting.
Top dressing procedure:
Period | What to deposit? |
In early spring, as soon as the soil can be loosened. | Urea or ammonium sulfate - 30 g per 1 sq. m. For 3-4 years they make half as much. After 3-4 days, watered with manure solution - make an infusion, and then diluted 1: 8 or 1:12 - for manure and bird droppings, respectively. |
When the buds bloom | Superphosphate - 60 g, and potassium sulfate - 40 g. Instead, you can add wood ash or potato peelings - washed, dried and crushed. |
After the end of flowering | Watered or sprayed with complex liquid mineral fertilizers. Or they prepare top dressing on their own - from potassium permanganate (3-5 g), boric acid (2-3 g), copper sulfate (25-30 g). The ingredients are dissolved in 10 liters of water. |
In autumn, 2 months after harvest. | Dry fertilizer is distributed over the ground - 20 liters of humus, 40 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potassium sulfate. |
Currant pruning
Currants do not live long, and even anti-aging pruning does not allow you to keep the bushes longer than 10 years. Yadrenaya has an even shorter lifespan, and large berries grow only on young branches, and only on young plants.
The first time the seedling is pruned during planting. Pruning rules:
- From the buds left during the first pruning, shoots develop in the first year of life - they are shortened in the second year of life. Cut 50% of the length of the shoots.
- Starting from the third year, pruning is carried out according to the same principle - every year 2-3 strong basal shoots are left. 2-3 old shoots are removed. Shoots are cut at ground level so that there are no stumps left.
- Pruning diseased, dry and broken branches can be done whenever you want - no need to wait for a certain season to clear the bush of unnecessary branches. Prune branches to a healthy spot.
It is better to divide pruning into two stages:
- In the spring. Branches damaged during the winter, as well as buds affected by mites, are removed. Read about spring pruning here.
- In the fall, after harvest. At this time, the yield of the branches and their growth are clearly visible. If there are a lot of root shoots, cut off the excess. How to properly cut currants in the fall, read here.
A properly formed currant bush should have 10-12 branches of different ages, and it does not need support.
Preparing for winter
Warming for the winter is necessary to protect the plant in case of early frosts and winters with little snow. In October, trunk circles - their diameter is about 1.5 m, are mulched with a thick layer of rotted manure, humus or foliage. The minimum layer thickness is 5 cm.
The branches of young bushes are tied into bunches and, carefully bent to the ground, are covered with burlap or other material that allows air to pass through. After the snow falls, snowdrifts are made near the plants.
Reproduction methods
Yadrenaya currant can be propagated by any of the methods used for berry crops - by layering, cuttings or dividing the bush.
Layers
Features and order of reproduction by layering:
- Take only annual shoots.
- Breeding time is spring.
- Organic matter is added to the soil to stimulate the formation of roots.
- A furrow is made in the soil - near the mother bush.
- They choose an escape, cut the bark with a knife - the roots will grow from here.
- The branch is pinned to the ground with a staple and densely covered with soil. The layer of earth is no more than 3-4 cm. The top of the shoot should remain on the surface.
- Layers are watered and hilled.
- In the fall, the stalk is separated from the mother bush and planted in a permanent place.
Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings:
- Cuttings are harvested in the fall. Shoots 15-18 cm long are cut with pruning shears, with 3-4 buds. The cut is not straight, but at a 45 degree angle.
- Store the cuttings upright in a cool and dry place. You can bury the cuttings in the snow, laying them near the mother bush, and overlapping with straw or sawdust.
- Cuttings are planted in the spring. The interval between them is 20 cm. Cuttings are placed at an angle, sprinkled with soil and watered.
By dividing the bush
The easiest and fastest way to propagate currants is by dividing the bushes. Breeding order:
- Adult bushes are dug in and carefully removed from the ground.
- They look at the roots - there are no diseases. Cut dry roots.
- The root system is dipped into a potassium permanganate solution.
- With an ax or a sharp shovel, they cut the bush into pieces. Each of them must have a good piece of roots, otherwise the separated bush will not survive.
- The separated parts are placed in planting holes and the roots are covered with earth.Next - watering and routine maintenance.
By dividing the bush, currants are propagated in spring or autumn. Already in the second year after planting, the bushes will yield a crop.
Diseases and pests
Vigorous currant is quite resistant to diseases. Its main enemy is aphid. It is necessary to fight not only with aphids, but also with ants that breed it. It is dangerous to use chemicals - they are practically not removed from the berries. The best option is anise oil treatment. 3-5 drops of oil are diluted in 1 liter. The solution helps to get rid of both aphids and ants.
Although the variety is resistant to pests, the bushes must be processed once a season - for prevention. In the spring, currants are watered with a hot solution of urea - 0.5 kg are diluted in 10 liters. Or they spray the bushes with Fitoverm (for 1 liter of water - 2 ml of the drug) - this treatment will protect the currants from infection.
Harvesting and storage
Rules for collecting currants Yadrenaya:
- The berries are harvested only in dry weather. We must wait for the morning dew to dry. If it rained the day before, picking berries is postponed.
- The berries are placed in a shallow container with a soft cloth at the bottom. It is undesirable to pour currants from one container to another - it is better to immediately put it in a container in which it will be stored or transported.
- If the berries are to be transported, then whole brushes are plucked. The collection is carried out 5 days before the onset of commercial maturity. Berries are transported in shallow baskets or boxes with a maximum capacity of 5 kg.
You can save currants in different ways:
- Preserve. Yadrenaya makes excellent compotes, jams and preserves.
- Keep fresh. The berries are put in containers and placed in the refrigerator - in the compartment for fruits and vegetables. The berries are stored here for 4 days.
- Dry. Use natural drying or artificial drying - in the microwave, in the oven. Store dried fruits in canvas bags in a dry room.
- To freeze. Deep freezing preserves the flavoring and beneficial properties of the berries.
Reviews of gardeners about the variety Yadrenaya
Vera O., 46 years old, amateur gardener, Shakhunya. After a few years of cultivation, I refused this variety. The berries are really big, and that's interesting. But the taste is mediocre and the skin is too thick. And the berries ripen unevenly, while you wait for all the berries to ripen - the first ones crumble. For blanks, it is not profitable to plant it, perhaps a couple of bushes for the sake of interest.
Karina P., 54 years old, amateur gardener, Yarovoe. In Siberia, this is the best variety, the berries are sweet, the acidity is very small. The size of a berry grows from five rubles. True, recently the bushes have begun to be affected by the tick, you have to fight this scourge.
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Currant Yadrenaya rightfully deserves the attention of gardeners. Its sour taste is controversial, but it has many other virtues. This variety is appreciated for its unique large-fruited, versatility and large yields. If you provide Yadrenoy with favorable conditions, she will certainly respond with abundant fruiting.
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Russia. City Novosibirsk
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